ÿþ <HTML> <HEAD> <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1251" http-equiv="content-type"> <TITLE>0C@OBK >15;52A:8E ?@5<89 2 M:>=><8:5 8;8 ?;0B0 70 =8I5BC</TITLE> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Mozilla/3.01Gold (Win95; I) [Netscape]"> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT=">1I5AB25==K9, :0?8B0;, 8;LO, AB028=A:89, =>15;52A:89, ;0C@OB, <0B5<0B8:0, M:>=><8:0, >?B8<870F8O, ?0@5BB, @02=>25A85, ?@545;L=K9, 2>72@0B, :>=:C@5=F8O, 2>72@0BA?@>A, ?@54;>65=85"> </HEAD> <BODY> <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+2>0C@OBK >15;52A:8E ?@5<89 2 M:>=><8:5<br> 8;8 ?;0B0 70 =8I5BC</FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> ;LO !B028=A:89 <P> > 1968 3>40 M:>=><8:C >D8F80;L=> =5 AG8B0;8 70 =0C:C, 8 ?>MB><C 2 MB>9 >1;0AB8 =5 ?@8A20820;8 >15;52A:CN ?@5<8N, 0 2<5AB5 A =59 - 8 1 <8;;8>= 4>;;0@>2. > ?> :0:8<-B> ?@8G8=0< ?>B>< MB> <=5=85 87<5=8;>AL.  BCB >:070;>AL, GB> CG5=KE 2 A>2@5<5==>9 M:>=><8G5A:>9 =0C:5, :>B>@K5 70A;C6820NB >15;52A:CN ?@5<8N, E>BL ?@C4 ?@C48 ! 0G8=0O A MB>3> 2@5<5=8, :064K9 3>4 ?>O2;O5BAO =>2K9 ;0C@OB, :>B>@K9 O:>1K 2=5A =5GB> "=>2>5" 2 ?>=8<0=85 8;8 2 "@0728B85" A>2@5<5==>9 M:>=><8:8. D8F80;L=0O ?@5AA0 1>3>B2>@8;0 :064>3> =>2>@>645==>3> "AB>;?0 =0C:8" 8 ?@>@>G8;0 53> >B:@KB8O<, :>B>@K5 C65 A59G0A 8<5NB >3@><=>5 ?@0:B8G5A:>5 ?@8<5=5=85, 1>;LH>5 1C4CI55. <P> > ?@>E>48; 3>4 8;8 420 - 8 2A5 701K20;8 >1 MB8E AG0AB;82F0E 8 >1 8E "3@0=48>7=KE >B:@KB8OE". :07K205BAO, GB> 8E B5>@88 =5 2K45@60;8 8A?KB0=85 2@5<5=5<. %>BO >=8 8 "?@>428=C;8" =0C:C 2?5@54, => 2A5 5I5 O2;ONBAO =54>@01>B0==K<8. "0: 45;> >1AB>8B 8 ?> A59 45=L. >MB><C =5C4828B5;L=>, GB> B5@?5=85 >1I5AB25==>3> <=5=8O 8 =5:>B>@KE 4>1@>A>25AB=KE M:>=><8AB>2 4>AB83;> ?@545;>2, 8 >=8 ?@O<> 8;8 :>A25==> ?>425@30NB A><=5=8N "=0CG=K5 4>AB865=8O 8;8 >B:@KB8O" A>2@5<5==KE ;0C@OB>2. 48= 87 ?@5AB86=KE 0<5@8:0=A:8E 6C@=0;>2 "LN->@:5@" 3>4 B><C =0704 2KA:070;AO 70 C?@074=5=85 >15;52A:8E ?@5<89 2 M:>=><8:5. =3;89A:0O 3075B0 "!0=459 "09<A" 2 MB>9 A2O78 ?8H5B, GB> "5A;8 M:>=><8ABK =5 C;CGH0B A2>8 A?>A>1=>AB8 C<=> 0=0;878@>20BL 8 A>25B>20BL 8 4020BL E>BO 1K =5<=>6:> ?@028;L=K5 ?@>3=>7K, B> ?A524>M:>=><8G5A:0O =0C:0 20 25:0 AB0=5B <C759=K< M:75<?;O@>< 21 25:0". =3;89A:89 ?@>D5AA>@ M:>=><8:8 >; @<5@>4, :>B>@K9 >4=> 2@5<O 1K; 48@5:B>@>< >4=>3> 87 254CI8E F5=B@>2 ?@>3=>78@>20=8O ?> M:>=><8:5, 2 1993 3>4C 2K?CAB8; :=83C "5@B20O M:>=><8:0". A?>;L7CO 2K@065=85 87 A:07:8 =45@A>=0, >= 2>A:;8F05B:" :>@>;L B> - 3>;K9", 8<5O 2 284C A>2@5<5==CN M:>=><8G5A:CN =0C:C, 4;O :>B>@>9 H8;8 >4564C A0<K5 254CI85 =>15;52A:85 AB>;?K M:>=><8G5A:>9 =0C:8. <P> 040G0 ;N1>9 =0C:8 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K >B:@KBL 70:>=K @0728B8O >:@C60NI53> =0A <8@0 8 ?> <5@5 2>7<>6=>AB59 8A?>;L7>20BL MB8 70:>=K 2 8=B5@5A0E >1I5AB20 4;O C4>2;5B2>@5=8O 53> <0B5@80;L=KE 8;8 4CE>2=KE ?>B@51=>AB59 2 :>=5G=>< AG5B5. K =5 <>65< 87<5=8BL MB8 70:>=K, => 8E ?@0:B8G5A:>5 ?@8<5=5=85 ?@82>48B : ?>2KH5=8N ?@>872>48B5;L=>AB8 B@C40, 0 A;54>20B5;L=>, : @>ABC >1I5AB25==>3> 1>30BAB20. 'B>1K >B:@KBL MB8 70:>=K, :>B>@K5 C?@02;ONB B5< 8;8 8=K< @0728B85<, =C6=> ?@>=8:=CBL 2 A>45@60=85 40==KE O2;5=89 , 0 ?>B>< 2 A>45@60=85 A>45@60=8O 8 B.4..(A<>B@8 <>N AB0BLN "$>@<0;L=0O 8 480;5:B8G5A:0O ;>38:0 :0: 548=AB2> ?@>B82>?>;>6=>AB59 8;8 0728B85 :;0AA8G5A:>9 D8;>A>D88"). 0?@8<5@, 2 D878:5 CG5=K5 >B 307>>1@07=>3>, 684:>3>, B25@4>3> A>AB>O=8O B5;0 ?5@5H;8 : 87CG5=8N <0B5@88 =0 <>;5:C;O@=><, ?>B>< 0B><=>< C@>2=5 8 40;55 ?@>=8:;8 2 AB@>5=85 0B><0, :>B>@>5 A>AB>8B 87 ?@>B>=>2, =59B@>=>2, M;5:B@>=>2 8 B.4.., A>45@60=85 :>B>@KE 5I5 1>;55 <=>3>>1@07=55 8 B.4. <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+1>1.  A>2@5<5==>9 M:>=><8:5 !>;=F5 2A5 5I5 2@0I05BAO 2>:@C3 75<;8</FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> 708<>A2O78 25I59 8;8 O2;5=89, :>B>@K5 <K 2848< =0 ?>25@E=>AB8, 2A5340 2KABC?0NB 2 8A:065==>< 2845 8 =5 40NB ?@028;L=>3> ?@54AB02;5=8O >1 8E 2=CB@5==59 2708<>A2O78. !>2@5<5==>5 A>AB>O=85 "<0B5<0B8G5A:>9 -:>=><8:8" =0?><8=05B <=5 B>;5<552A:CN B5>@8N !>;=5G=>9 A8AB5<K, :>B>@0O AG8B0;0, GB> !>;=F5 8 2A5 ?;0=5BK 2@0I0NBAO 2>:@C3 75<;8.  MB0 B5>@8O 8AE>48;0 87 >G5284=KE ?>25@E=>AB=KE D0:B>2. !;=F5 :064K9 45=L 2>AE>48B 8 70E>48B, A;54>20B5;L=>, >=> 2@0I05BAO 2>:@C3 75<;8. >GLN :064K9 <>3 2845BL, GB> ?;0=5BK B>65 >?8AK20NB :@C3>2>5 42865=85 2>:@C3 75<;8. -B8 D0:BK 1K;8 4>ABC?=K :064><C G5;>25:C, =5 8<5NI53> =8G53> >1I53> A 0AB@>=><859. <P> A=>2K20OAL =0 MB>9 B5>@88, 0AB@>=><K ?KB0;8AL ?@54A:070BL ?>;>65=85 ?;0=5B 2 >?@545;5==K9 <><5=B 2@5<5=8. E ?@54A:070=8O @0AE>48;8AL 7=0G8B5;L=> A @50;L=>9 459AB28B5;L=>ABLN.  G5< B>G=55 >=8 ?KB0;8AL ?@54A:070BL, B5< 1>;55 A;>6=K<8 AB0=>28;8AL 8E 2KG8A;5=8O, ?>B><C GB> >=8 1K;8 2K=C645=K ?@8?8AK20BL ?;0=5B0< ;8H=85 :@C3>2K5 42865=8O, :>B>@K5 2 @50;L=>AB8 =5 ACI5AB2>20;8.  B>;L:> ?>O2;5=85 B5>@88 >?5@=8:0, A>3;0A=> :>B>@>9 2A5 ?;0=5BK 2@0I0NBAO 2>:@C3 A>;=F0, 2=5A;> ?@028;L=>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 > 42865=88 ?;0=5B 8 C?@>AB8;> @0AG5BK ?> 8E ?@54A:070=8N.  >1>8E A;CG0OE 0AB@>=><K 8A?>;L7>20;8 <0B5<0B8:C. <P>  MB> 3>2>@8B, GB> B0<, 345 <0B5<0B8:0 O2;O5BAO ?@8:;04=>9 =0C:>9, >=0 =C6405BAO 2 ?@028;L=>9 70:;04:5 ?5@2>=0G0;L=>9 8=D>@<0F88. ">;L:> 2 MB>< A;CG05 >=0 405B ?@028;L=K9 >B25B =0 :>;8G5AB25==CN 7028A8<>ABL 87CG05<KE O2;5=89, 0 ?>A;54=85 8 A>AB02;ONB, 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B A2>59 ?@8@>4K, ?@54<5B 8AA;54>20=8O D878:8, E8<88, 35=5B8:8, M:>=><8:8 8 B.4. @8:;04=0O <0B5<0B8:0 157 ?@028;L=>9 ;>38G5A:>9 8458 <5@B20. <P> 5GB> ?>4>1=>5 ?@>8AE>48B A59G0A 8 2 <0B5<0B8G5A:>9 M:>=><8:5. 064K9 70C@O4=K9 <0B5<0B8: AG8B05B A51O 25;8:8< M:>=><8AB><, 5A;8 >= 7=0:>< A B0:8<8 ?>25@E=>AB=K<8 O2;5=8O<8 :0:: 157@01>B8F0, 8=D;O=F8O, :@878A, 10=:>2A:89 ?@>F5=B, :0?8B0;, 8=25AB8F88, F5=K B>20@>2, M:>=><8G5A:85 F8:;K, 70@01>B=0O ?;0B0, A?@>A 8 ?@54;>65=85, @K=>:, =0;>38, :>=:C@5=F8O 8 B.4.. A=>2K20OAL =0 8AB>@8G5A:8E AB0B8AB8G5A:8E 40==KE, >=8 ?KB0NBAO <0B5<0B8G5A:8 CAB0=>28BL 7028A8<>AB8 <564C A>2>:C?=>ABLN MB8E O2;5=89 8 ?@54A:070BL, :0: 87<5=5=85 >4=>3> 8;8 =5A:>;L:8E ?0@0<5B@>2 ?>2;8O5B =0 @>AB M:>=><8:8, 8=D;OF8N, 157@01>B8FC 8 B.4.. "0: @>640NBAO <0B5<0B8G5A:85 <>45;8, ?@>ABK5 8 A;>6=K5, :>B>@K5 A>AB>OB 87 A>B5= C@02=5=89, >?8AK20NI8E ?@54?>;0305<K5 7028A8<>AB8. 8:B> =5 >B@8F05B B>3> D0:B0, GB> 7028A8<>AB8 MB8 ACI5AB2CNB, => >?8AK20BL 8E ;8=59=K<8 8;8 =5;8=59=K<8 C@02=5=8O<8, :>B>@K5 2 :064K9 <><5=B 2@5<5=8 @50;L=> >B@060;8 1K ?>;>65=85 25I59 2 M:>=><8:5 =5;L7O, 81> MB8 7028A8<>AB8 ?>25@E=>AB=K5, 8;;N7>@=K5, 0 =5 ACI5AB25==K5. <P>  >=8 :064K9 @07 <5=ONBAO 2 A2O78 A :0G5AB25==K<8 87<5=5=8O<8, :>B>@K5 ?@>8AE>4OB 2 M:>=><8:5. ;O 2A5E A>2@5<5==KE =0?@02;5=8OE 2 M:>=><8:5: :59A80=AB2>, =5>:59A50=AB2>, <>=5B0@87< 8 B.4. - E0@0:B5@=>, GB> 2A5 >=8 ?KB0NBAO G5@57 >1@0I5=85 @53C;8@>20BL AB018;L=>ABL ?@>872>4AB20, 157@01>B8FC, 8=D;OF8N, B.5. G5@57 A;54AB285 @53C;8@>20BL ?@8G8=C. A5< 8725AB=>, GB> 5A;8  >1CA;02;8205B ACI5AB2>20=85 , B> MB> 40;5:> =5 7=0G8B, GB>  >1CA;02;8205B ACI5AB2>20=85 . 0?@8<5@, 2>7L<5< >1I58725AB=K9 D0:B, GB> ACI5AB2>20=85 ?;0=5B >1CA;02;8205BAO ACI5AB2>20=85< !>;=F0, 8 ACI5AB2CNB >?@545;5==K5 :>;8G5AB25==K5 A>>B=>H5=8O 2 MB>9 2708<>A2O78 (70:>= 5??;5@0), => :0: 1C45B =5;5?> 72CG0BL >1@0B=>5 CB25@645=85, GB> ?> MB>9 ?@8G8=5 ACI5AB2>20=85 ?;0=5B >1CA;02;8205B ACI5AB2>20=85 !>;=F0. > 8<5==> =0 MB>< ?@8=F8?5 8 AB@>OBAO 2A5 A>2@5<5==K5 B5>@88 2 M:>=><8:5, GB> >1@0I5=85 @53C;8@C5B ?@>872>4AB2>.  A2>59 :=835 "0?8B0;87< A53>4=O 8 :0?8B0;87< 702B@0" O ?>:070; 8 4>:070; :0: :0?8B0;8AB8G5A:>5 ?@>872>4AB2> 2 D>@<5 "1I5AB25==>3> :0?8B0;0" ?@5:@0A=> DC=:F8>=8@C5B 157 >1@0H5=8O. -B> O2;O5BAO ;8H=8< ?>4B25@645=85< C65 8725AB=>3> D0:B0, CAB0=>2;5==>3> :;0AA8:0<8, GB> ?@>872>4AB2> O2;O5BAO ?5@28G=K<, 0 AD5@0 >1@0I5=8O - 2B>@8G=K<. <P> >7L<5< 4;O A@02=5=8O :@82CN $8;;8?0, :>B>@0O 45<>=AB@8@C5B >1@0B=CN 7028A8<>ABL <564C =>@<>9 C25;8G5=8O 45=56=>9 70@01>B=>9 ?;0BK 8 157@01>B8F59. >A:>;L:C @>AB 70@01>B=>9 ?;0BK 2;5G5B ?>2KH5=85 F5= =0 B>20@K, 0 MB> 2545B : @>ABC 8=D;OF88, B> ;0C@OBK >15;52A:>9 ?@5<88 >; !0<CM;A>= 8 >15@B !>;>2 @5H8;8 CA>25@H5=AB2>20BL :@82CN $8;8??0, GB>1K >=0 >B@060;0 7028A8<>ABL <564C @>AB>< 8=D;OF88 8 157@01>B8F59.  @57C;LB0B5 3>AC40@AB2> =0 C@>2=5 <0:@>M:>=><8:8 ?>;CG05B 4>?>;=8B5;L=K9 8=AB@C<5=B 2 @0<:0E :59A80=A:>9 B5>@88 (@53C;8@>20BL 157@01>B8FC G5@57 =0;>38, 10=:>2A:89 ?@>F5=B 8 45=L38, 0AA83=>20==K5 =0 ?C1;8G=K5 @01>BK) :>=B@>;8@>20BL C@>25=L 157@01>B8FK 8 8=D;OF88 2 65;0B5;L=KE 4;O =8E ?@545;0E, B> 5ABL, @53C;8@CO C@>25=L 8=D;OF88, 45@60BL ?>4 :>=B@>;5< C@>25=L 157@01>B8FK 8 =0>1>@>B. <P> 0 A0<>< 45;5 C@>25=L 157@01>B8FK =0E>48BAO 2 >?@545;5==>9 7028A8<>AB8 >B @07<5@>2 ?@>872>4AB20, >B C@>2=O ?@>872>48B5;L=>AB8 B@C40 8 >B M:>=><8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8 :0?8B0;8AB8G5A:>3> 3>AC40@AB20, =5?>A@54AB25==> =0?@02;5==>9 =0 ?@>F5AA ?@>872>4AB20. @52@0B8BL M:>=><8G5A:89 A?04 2 ?>4L5< G5@57 >1@0H5=85 3>AC40@AB2> =5 <>65B, 8 ?>MB><C >G5284=>,GB> >=> =5 <>65B :>=B@>;8@>20BL C@>25=L 157@01>B8FK. -B> E>@>H> ?>=8<0; 59A 2> 2@5<5=0 5;8:>9 45?@5AA88, :>340 >= @07@5H8; ?@>1;5<C 157@01>B8FK ?CB5< A>740=8O 3>AC40@AB25==KE, ?C1;8G=KE @01>B A 45H52>9 70@01>B=>9 ?;0B>9, B.5. G5@57 0:B82870F8N =5?>A@54AB25==> ?@>872>4AB20. A=>2K20OAL =0 MB>< >?KB5, >= CB25@640;, GB> C@>25=L 157@01>B8FK - MB> DC=:F8O 20;>3> ?@>4C:B0. "0:>5 CB25@645=85 A:>@55 ?@0:B8G5A:>3> ?>@O4:0 0 =5 =0CG=>3>, 8 2>B ?>G5<C. <P> >-?5@2KE, B0:>9 <5B>4 1>@L1K A 157@01>B8F59 A2>9AB25=5= :0?8B0;87<C A =87:>9 ?@>872>48B5;L=>ABLN B@C40.  A>2@5<5==KE CA;>28OE 2 @0728BKE :0?8B0;8AB8G5A:8E AB@0=0E 2@>?K MB>B ?@85< =5 @01>B05B: @01>G85 ?@54?>G8B0NB ?>;CG0BL ?>A>185 ?> 157@01>B8F5, G5< @01>B0BL 70 1>;55 =87:CN 70@01>B=CN ?;0BC, G5< >=8 ?>;CG0;8 @0=LH5. >-2B>@KE, 4065 ?@8 A>2@5<5==>9 ?@>872>48B5;L=>AB8 B@C40 C25;8G5=85 <0AHB01>2 ?@>872>4AB20 =5 B>;L:> =5 ?@82>48B : A>:@0I5=8N 157@01>B8FK, => =0>1>@>B, - : 55 C25;8G5=8N, ?>A:>;L:C @>1>B870F8O 8 02B><0B870F8O ?@>872>4AB20 2KB5A=ONB =5?>A@54AB25==>3> ?@>872>48B5;O 87 A0<>3> ?@>872>4AB20. <P> @54AB028B5;8 MB8E "H:>;", ?@5A;54CO F5;L C25;8G8BL ?@>872>4AB2>, 8A?>;L7CNB =0;>38 =0 :0?8B0; 8 10=:>2A:89 ?@>F5=B, :0: AB8<C;, :>B>@K9 @53C;8@C5B 8=25AB8F88 :0?8B0;>2 8, A;54>20B5;L=>, AB5?5=L @0AAH8@5=8O ?@>872>4AB20.  >?OBL 65 MB8 <5B>4K @01>B0NB B>;L:> B>340, :>340 >=8 A>2?040NB A M:>=><8G5A:0<8 D070<8 M:>=><8:8. A;8 3>AC40@AB2> AB8<C;8@C5B 8=25AB<5=B, :>340 M:>=><8:0 2KE>48B 87 M:>=><8G5A:>3> :@878A0 8;8 C65 =0 ?>4L5<5, B> A>7405BAO 2?5G0B;5=85, GB> MB8 <5B>4K @01>B0NB. > 5A;8 MB8 AB8<C;K ?@8<5=OBL, :>340 M:>=><8:0 A25@BK205BAO, B> 8E 15A?><>I=>ABL - >G5284=0. <P> =B5@5A=> >B<5B8BL, GB> =8 >4=0 87 ACI5AB2CNI8E B5>@89 =5 4>?CA:05B <KA;8 > B><, GB> >4=8< 87 ?@028;L=KE <5B>4>2 1>@L1K A 157@01>B8F59 2 A>2@5<5==KE CA;>28OE O2;O5BAO A>:@0I5=85 @01>G53> 4=O 8 ?5=A8>==>3> 2>7@0AB0. -B> ?>;>65=85 4>:07K205BAO 2 <>59 :=835 "0?8B0;87< A53>4=O 8 :0?8B0;87< 702B@0". > 8<5==> ?> MB><C ?CB8, 2>?@5:8 2A5< ACI5AB2CNI8< >D8F80;L=K< B5>@8O<, 8 @5H8;0 ?>9B8 $@0=F8O.  D52@0;5 <5AOF5 0F8>=0;L=0O 0AA0<1;5O $@0=F88 CB25@48;0 70:>=>?@>5:B > A>:@0I5=88 @01>G59 =545;8. A;8 53> >4>1@8B 8 A5=0B, B> A A5@548=K 25A=K @01>G0O =545;O D@0=FC7>2 A>:@0B8BAO 4> 35 G0A>2. > @0AG5B0< <8=8AB@0 B@C40 0@B5=0 1@8, MB> ?>72>;8B A>740BL >:>;> ?>;C<8;;8>=0 =>2KE @01>G8E <5AB. <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+1>2. 5A:>;L:> A;>2 > ;0C@OB0E</FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> @54AB028B5;L B5>@88 A2>1>4=>3> @K=:0 $@84<0=, :>B>@K9 AB0; ;0C@OB>< >15;52A:>9 ?@5<88, 8 B5>@88 :>B>@>3> =8:>340 =5 >?@0240;8AL, ?8A0;, GB> 2A5 <0B5<0B8G5A:85 <>45;8, >A=>20==K5 =0 A8AB5<5 C@02=5=89 0;@0A0, ;8H5=K 2AO:>3> ?@0:B8G5A:>3> A>45@60=8O 8 O2;ONBAO ?CABK<8 @01>B0<8. 1 M:>=><><5B@8G5A:>9 H:>;5 >= 3>2>@8;,GB> >=8 O2;ONBAO AB@>8B5;O<8 D0=B078@>20==KE <>45;59, :>B>@K5 ;8H5=K ?>;>68B5;L=>9 ?@54A:070B5;L=>9 F5==>AB8. > MB>9 ?@8G8=5 >= >AC640; @01>BK 4@C3>3> ;0C@OB0 >15;52A:>9 ?@5<88 . 5>=BL520 A 53> 8A:CAB25==K<8 2E>4=K<8-2KE>4=K<8 <0B@8F0<8 M:>=><8G5A:>9 A8AB5<K 8 >B=>A8; 8E : 0;@0A:>9 G5?CE5.  A2>N >G5@54L, ?@54AB028B5;L <0B5<0B8G5A:>9 H:>;K . @@>C, 0<5@8:0=A:89 ;0C@OB >15;52A:>9 ?@5<88, 70O28;, GB> >= @0AA<0B@8205B 2KA>:89 C@>25=L 157@01>B8FK, :>B>@K9 ACI5AB2C5B 2 B5G5=88 4>;3>3> ?5@8>40 2 0?04=KE AB@0=0E :0: ?@0:B8G5A:>5 >?@>25@65=85 B5>@88 A2>1>4=>3> @K=:0. <P>  1995 3>4C >15@B C:0A ?>;CG8; >15;52A:CN ?@5<8N 70 @0728B85 8 ?@8<5=5=85 38?>B57K @0F8>=0;L=KE >6840=89, :>B>@0O "?@5>1@078;0 8 C3;C18;0" =0H5 ?>=8<0=85 M:>=><8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8 !!! .. 5;LA>=, 28F5-?@57845=B ?> A?5F80;L=K< 87CG5=8O< ?@8 D545@0;L=>< @575@2=>< 10=:5 8=50?>;8 B0: AD>@<C;8@>20; ACBL MB>9 :>=F5?F88: ">=F5?F8O @0F8>=0;L=KE >6840=89 CB25@6405B, GB> B@048F8>==> 8725AB=K5 ?@85<K M:>=><8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8 B0:85 :0: C@>25=L 70@01>B=>9 ?;0BK, 10=:>2A:89 ?@>F5=B 8 4@C385 ?5@5<5==K5, :>B>@K5 2;8ONB =0 @K=>: - 01A>;NB=> =5?@028;L=K, ?>B><C GB> >=8 >A=>20=K =0 ?>2545=88 ;N459, :>B>@>5 ?@>B82>@5G8B 8E ;CGH8< 8=B5@5A0<, >B@8F0NI8E 206=CN 8=D>@<0F8N > A8AB5<0B8G5A:8 ?@8<5=O5<>9 : =8< M:>=><8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8". <P> BAN40 ;>38G5A:8 A;54C5B, GB> 2A5 B5 M:>=><8ABK, :>B>@K5 ?>;CG8;8 >15;52A:CN ?@5<8N @0=LH5 70 @0728B85 8 C3;C1;5=85 M:>=><8G5A:8E <>45;59, :>B>@K5 =0 ?@0:B8:5 =5 @01>B0NB, ?@0:B8G5A:8 55 =5 70A;C6820NB. > MB> 5I5 =5 2A5.  A5@548=5 80-E 3>4>2 0<5@8:0=A:89 M:>=><8AB >25;; 8 0=3;89A:85 M:>=><8ABK M= %>;45= 8 0284 8;, A@02=820O 40==K5 <0B5<0B8G5A:8E <>45;59, 2:;NG0NI8E @0F8>=0;L=K5 >6840=8O, A @50;L=>9 459AB28B5;L=>ABLN - ?@8H;8 : 2K2>4C, GB> MB> B5>@8O =5 25@=0. ">340 2>7=8:05B 2>?@>A:" 70G5< 65 5<C 40;8 ;0C@OB0 ?". <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+1> 3. A=>2=K5 ?>;>65=8O @<5@>40 2 53> :=835 "5@B20O M:>=><8:A"<br> ("The Death of Economics" by Paul Ormerod, 1994) </FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> @B>4>:A0;L=0O M:>=><8:0, >A=>20==0O =0 8450;878@>20==>< 8 <5E0=8G5A:>< ?>=8<0=88 <8@0, 15AA8;L=0 2 53> >1LOA=5=88. >;LH0O G0ABL A>2@5<5==KE CG51=KE ?>A>189 ?> <8:@> 8 <0:@> M:>=><8:5 A>AB>8B 87 48DD5@5=F80;L=KE ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89, :>B>@K5 >G5=L <0;> A>45@60B ?@024K > A>2@5<5==>< M:>=><8G5A:>< <8@5, 8 =5A<>B@O =0 MB> ?@54AB028B5;59 H:>;K M:>=><8:A @0ABCB :0: 3@81K.  B0:>9 A8BC0F88 >1KG=0O @50:F8O ?@54AB028B5;59 MB>9 H:>;K A>AB>8B =5 2 B><, GB>1K ?@87=0BL >H81:8, 0 GB>1K CA8;8BL 25@C 2 =55 ! <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+1>@81K;L</FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> @81K;L @0AA<0B@820;0AL @0==8<8 M:>=><8AB0<8 :0: >48= 87 206=59H8E AB8<C;>2 4;O @0728B8O M:>=><8:8.  A>2@5<5==>9 M:>=><8G5A:>9 B5>@88 @>;L ?@81K;8 ?@0:B8G5A:8 8AG57;0. B@8F0=85 2;8O=85 ?@81K;8 =0 ?>2545=85 A>2@5<5==>9 M:>=><8:8 O2;O5BAO >A=>2=>9 A;01>ABLN A>2@5<5==>3> M:>=><8G5A:>3> 0=0;870, :C40 2:;NG0NBAO :59A80=AB2> 8 <>=5B0@87<. <P> 5@2K< M:>=><8AB><, :>B>@K9 3;C1>:> >F5=8; :0G5AB25==K5 87<5=5=8O, ?@>8AE>4OI8E 2 8=4CAB@80;L=>< :0?8B0;87<5, 1K; 0@; 0@:A. > B0 ?>;8B8G5A:0O 0C@0, :>B>@0O >:@C68;0 53> 8<O, 1;03>40@O A>25BA:8< :><<C=8AB0<, A45;0;0 >G5=L B@C4=K< 4;O ;N459 >B=>A8BAO : 53> M:>=><8G5A:8< B@C40< A B0:>9 65 <5@:>9 :0: : B@C40<, A:065<, 40< !<8B0. > 2 ;N1>< A;CG05, =C6=> ?@87=0BL, GB> 53> =0CG=K9 ?>4E>4 2 A>740=88 B5>@5B8G5A:8E <>45;59 1K; >A=>20= =0 B><, GB>1K ?>=OBL 0:BC0;L=K5 M:>=><8G5A:85 O2;5=8O, 8 >=8 =5 1K;8 G8AB> 01AB@0:B=K<8. = ?@8H5; : 2K2>4C, GB> @>AB 2;>65=8O 2 702>4K 8 2 1KAB@K9 B5E=>;>38G5A:89 ?@>3@5AA, 2 :>=5G=>< AG5B5, 30@0=B8@C5B @>AB ?@>872>4AB20 =0 1C4CI55. 0@:A 2=5A 206=>5 ?>=8<0=85 8 2 0=0;87 ?@><KH;5==KE F8:;>2. <P> !>2@5<5==0O <0:@>M:>=><8G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0 8<55B A2>59 F5;LN 87<5=OBL 8 :>=B@>;8@>20BL 8E, => =C6=> ?@87=0BL A <0;5=L:8< CA?5E><.  >?OBL 65 >= AD>@<C;8@>20; 0=0;8B8G5A:CN <>45;L, :>B>@0O ?KB05BAO ?@8=OBL 8E 2> 2=8<0=85. 59A 2A5340 1>@>;AO ?@>B82 >@B>4>:A0;L=>9 B5>@88, :>B>@0O 45;0;0 ?@54;>65=8O "=5 8<5NI8E =8G53> >1I53> A B5< M:>=><8G5A:8< <8@><, 2 :>B>@>< <K @50;L=> 6825<, 8 ?>MB><C @57C;LB0BK :>B>@>9 O2;ONBAO =5?@028;L=K<8 8 @07@CH8B5;L=K<8 , 5A;8 <K ?>?KB05<AO ?@8<5=OBL 8E =0 ?@0:B8:5". > ?>A;5 53> A<5@B8, >@B>4>:A0;L=0O M:>=><8:0, 87<5=82 53> B5>@8N, A45;02 55 157>?0A=>9 4;O 8E :>=F5?F88, 2:;NG8;0 53> 2 A2>9 A?8A>:. <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+1>1I55 @02=>25A85 0;@0A0</FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> !@02=5=85 2 19-< 25:5 >:@C60NI53> =0A <8@0 :0: A E>@>H> A<070==>9 <0H8=>9 8<5;> >3@><=>5 2;8O=85 8 =0 M:>=><8G5A:89 0=0;87 >1I5AB20. > MB><C ?@54AB02;5=8N <8@ ?>=8<0;8 :0: 30@<>=8N 8 :0: @02=>25A85. 07 <0H8=0 =0G0;0 @01>B0BL, MB>B ?@>F5AA ?@>8AE>48B 3;04:>, 8 :0640O 55 A>AB02=0O G0ABL 2K?>;=O5B >?@545;5==CN @>;L 2 MB>< A?>:>9=>< ?@>3@5AA5, 345 =5B <5AB0 4;O ?>B@OA5=89 8 :0B0AB@>D, 8 345 <0H8=0 =8:>340 =5 <>65B A;><0BLAO.  2>B =0 MB>< D>=5 4>AB865=89 M:>=><8ABK =0G0;8 ?>4@060BL 4>AB865=8O< 2 D878:5. :>;> 1870 3>40 A>25@H5==> =57028A8<> 4@C3 >B 4@C30 8;LO< !BM=;8 652>=A 87 0=G5AB5@A:>3> C=825@A8B5B0 8 5>= 0;@0A 87 C780=A:>3>, >10 ?> >1@07>20=8N D878:8, ?@54AB028;8 <0B5<0B8G5A:89 A8AB5<=K9 0=0;87 - >A=>20==K9 =0 ?@8=F8?0E, :>B>@K9 1K; CA?5H=> 8A?>;L7>20= 2 B0:8E >1;0ABOE :0: <5E0=8:0 - :>B>@K9 O2;O5BAO >A=>2>9 8 ?> A59 45=L. <P> 59AB28B5;L=>, A>2@5<5==0O M:>=><8:A O2;O5BAO @57C;LB0B>< ?@8<5=5=8O 1>;55 CA;>6=5==>9 <0B5<0B8:8 2 B>9 >A=>25, :>B>@CN >=8 A>740;8. > B0: :0: A8AB5<0 0;@0A0 O2;O5BAO 1>;55 7025@H5==>9, B> ACBL <>45;L=>9 B5>@88, :>B>@>9 CG0B ABC45=B>2 ?> 2A5<C <8@C, =>A8B =0720=85 "1I55 @02=>25A85 0;@0A0". -B0 B5>@8O ?@8=8<05B 70 A0<>@07C<5NI59AO @>AB ?@>872>4AB20, 0 B0:85 ?@>1;5<K M:>=><8:8, :0: :@878AK 8 157@01>B8F0, 2>2A5 87 =55 8AG57;8. !CBL 0;@0A>2A:>9 B5>@5B8G5A:>9 <>45;8 A>AB>8B 2 B><, :0: @07<5AB8BL 1>;55 MDD5:B82=> 40==>5 :>;8G5AB2> @5AC@A>2 A@548 8=48284C0;L=KE ?>B@518B5;59 8 8=48284C0;L=KE ?@>872>48B5;59. 5;8:85 :;0AA8G5A:85 M:>=><8ABK =8:>340 =5 8A?>;L7>20;8 <0B5<0B8:8 :@><5 ?@>AB>9 0@8D<5B8:8.  0=88 M:>=><8G5A:0O 0AA>A80F8O 5I5 2 1874 3>4C >1LO28;0 <0B5<0B8G5A:CN M:>=><8:C >D8F80;L=> =5459AB28B5;L=>9. <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+1> >=B8=8C<</FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> A?>;L7>20=85 <0B5<0B8G5A:8E <>45;59 >A=>2K205BAO =0 <=>38E ?@54?>;>65=8OE, :>B>@K5 =5 8<5NB =8G53> >1I53> A @50;L=>9 M:>=><8:>9, => 157 :>B>@KE <>45;L =5 <>65B >1>9B8AL. 0?@8<5@, "?@54?>;>68< :>=B8=8C< B>@3>2F52", - MB0 D@070 8A?>;L7C5BAO 2> <=>38E B5>@8B8G5A:8E AB0BLOE 2 CA;>28OE 8450;878@>20==>9, @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:8. >B><C GB> MB> - ACI5AB25==K9 M;5<5=B B5>@5B8G5A:>9 <>45;8, :>B>@K9 2?5@2K5 2K428=CB 0;@0A>< 8 652>=A><, 8 157 :>B>@>3> >?@545;5==K5 A8;L=K5 <0B5<0B8G5A:85 B5>@5<K =5;L7O ?@8<5=8BL. > 8<5==> A ?><>ILN MB8E B5>@5< M:>=><8ABK ?>;CG0NB @57C;LB0BK. <P> >;55 B>3> @07 MB> ?@54?>;>65=85 ?@8=OB>, B> =0 =5< >A=>2K205BAO @O4 4@C38E ?@54?>;>65=89. "0: @>640NBAO 45AOB:8 AB@0=8F <0B5<0B8G5A:8E D>@<C;, :>B>@K5 ?> <=5=8N 8E 02B>@0 4>:07K20NB 53> ?@02>BC. > GB> 2 @50;L=>AB8 >7=0G05B D@070 ":>=B8=8C<" ? 0 ?5@2K9 273;O4 >=0 72CG8B 157>184=>, => 5A;8 ?5@525AB8 55 =0 >1I54>ABC?=K9 G5;>25G5A:89 O7K:, B> >=0 70AB028B ;N459 =5 B>;L:> ?>425@3=CBL A><=5=8N =0CG=>ABL ;N1>9 0:045<8G5A:>9 @01>BK, >A=>20==>9 =0 MB>< ?@54?>;>65=88, => 8 =C6=> ;8 1K;> ?8A0BL B0:CN AB0BLN 2>>1I5. >B><C GB> MB0 D@070 >7=0G05B, GB> :>;8G5AB2> ;N459, 1C4L B> 8=48284CC<K 8;8 >B45;L=K5 :><?0=88, :>B>@K5 B>@3CNB 2 MB>9 B5>@8B8G5A:>9 M:>=><8:5 =5 B>;L:> >3@><=>5, => 8 2 1C:20;L=>< A<KA;5 15A:>=5G=>5. >;55 B>3>, =5 206=> :0: >3@><=> MB> G8A;>, 2A5340 1C45B G8A;>, :>B>@>5 53> 1>;LH5. > 15A:>=5G=>ABL A0<0 <>65B 1KBL 1>;LH5 4@C3>9 15A:>=5G=>AB8, 8 2>B ":>=B8=8C<" O2;O5BAO >4=>9 87 MB8E 15A:>=5G=>AB59. 57 MB>3> ?@54?>;>65=8O ":>=B8=8C<0" <=>3> :@0A82KE AB0B59 =8:>340 =5 C2845;8 1K A25B, => >=> >A=>20 : @5H5=8N A8AB5<=KE C@02=5=89, 87 :>B>@KE A>AB>8B B5>@5B8G5A:0O, M:>=><8G5A:0O <>45;L. <P> >4>1=> O7K:C <0B5<0B8:0 B>;L:> >@C485, :>B>@>5 ?><>305B ?@>F5AAC <KH;5=8O.  5A;8 @0=LH5 M:>=><8:0 C?@02;O;0 <0B5<0B8:>9, B> B5?5@L =0>>1>@>B. >45;L :>=:C@8@CNI53> @02=>25A8O (M:28;81@8<) O2;O5BAO ?>@>4859 =0 @50;L=>ABL. 0?@8<5@, <8@ =5 A>AB>8B 87 15AG8A;5==> <0;5=L:8E :><?0=89, =8 >4=0 87 :>B>@KE =5 8<55B AB5?5=8 :>=B@>;O =04 @K=:><, 2 :>B>@>< >=0 >?5@8@C5B. 0;5=L:85 D8@<K, <>65B 1KBL, 8 ?>4E>4OB ?>4 MBC :0B53>@8N, => 8<5==> >3@><=K5 :><?0=88 B0:85 :0: $>@4, 8 !>=8 4><8=8@CNB <8@>2CN M:>=><8:C. 52>;NF8O ?@545;>2 (<0@68=0;) 1K;0 >A=>20=0 =0 A5@88 ?>ABC;0B>2 > G5;>25G5A:>< ?>2545=88 8 =0 B><, :0: @01>B05B M:>=><8:0. B45;L=K9 G5;>25: @0AA<0B@8205BAO :0: >A=>2=>9 AB@>8B5;L=K9 M;5<5=B A8AB5<K, 0 ?>2545=85 M:>=><8:8 - :0: AC<<0@=0O A>2>:C?=>ABL ?>2545=8O 2A5E ;N459. <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+1>@545;L=0O ?>;57=>ABL</FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> ;O 8=48284CC<0 ?>B@51;5=85 O2;O5BAO ?@545;>< C1K20NI59 ?>;57=>AB8. '5;>25: ?>;CG05B <5=LH5 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O >B ?>:C?:8 2B>@>9 <0H8=K G5< >B - ?5@2>9. > MB>B ?@8=F8? =5 2A5340 O2;O5BAO >?@545;ONH8< ?@8 ?>:C?:5. 0?@8<5@, 1>;LH5 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O G5;>25: <>65B ?>;CG8BL >B ?>:C?:8 B@5BL59 <0H8=K G5< >B ?5@2>9 8;8 2B>@>9, ?>B><C GB> B0:8< ?CB5< >= 45<>=AB@8@C5B A2>8< 4@C7LO< 8 A>A54O< =5>A?>@8<>ABL 45=56=>3> 1>30BAB20 53> A5<L8. ;O :><?0=89 ?@54?>;0305BAO, GB> ?@>872>4AB2> DC=:F8>=8@C5B ?> ?@8=F8?C C1K20NI53> ?@545;L=>3> 2>72@0B0 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 53> @07<5@0<. > ?@0:B8:0 45;05B MBC B5>@8N ?>;=>ABLN =5A>AB>OB5;L=>9. ><?0=88, =0>1>@>B, 2 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>ABL ?@545;L=>9 M:>=><8:5, A :>B>@>9 >=8 A>25@H5==> =5 7=0:><K, ?@8H;8 : 2K2>4C, GB> G5< 1>;LH5 <0AHB01 ?@>872>4AB20 B5< 1>;LH5 ?@81K;8 >=8 <>3CB ?>;CG8BL >B 4>?>;=8B5;L=>9 ?@545;L=>9 548=8FK ?@>872>4AB20. > =5A<>B@O =0 >3@><=K5 @0AE>645=8O <564C @50;L=K< M:>=><8G5A:8< <8@>< 8 B>9 B5>@859, :>B>@0O ?@5?>4=>A8B <>45;L :>=:C@8@CNI53> >1I53> @02=>25A8O, 55 ?@54AB028B5;8 ?@>4>;60NB 4><8=8@>20BL M:>=><8G5A:CN B5>@8N 8 M:>=><8G5A:CN ?>;8B8:C. <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+1>?B8<870F8O 0@5BB0</FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> "5>@8O C1K20NI53> ?@545;L=>3> 2>72@0B0, =0 :>B>@>< >A=>20=> :>=:C@8@CNI55 @02=>25A85, B@51C5B AB@0=8F <0B5<0B8G5A5>3> 4>:070B5;LAB20, => >=0 <>65B 1KBL >?8A0=0 =0 >1I54>ABC?=>< O7K:5 A;54CNI8< >1@07><. >-?5@2KE, A2>1>4=K9 @K=>: O2;O5BAO 2?>;=5 MDD5:B82=K< 2 B>< A<KA;5, GB> A?@>A 2A5340 @025= ?@54;>65=8N, 8 ?>MB><C 2A5 @5AC@AK M:>=><8:8 ?>;=>ABLN 70459AB2>20=K 8 =5B =58A?>;L7>20==KE @5AC@A>2. >-2B>@KE, ?@8 B0:>< @02=>25A88 =52>7<>6=>, GB>1K :0:>9-=81C4L 8=48284CC< 8;8 :><?0=8O, 87<5=OO @0A?>;>65=85 @5AC@A>2, 4>AB83;8 1>;55 ;CGH53> @57C;LB0B0, =5 CI5<;OO 8=B5@5AK 4@C3>3> G5;>25:0 8;8 :><?0=88. <P> @C38<8 A;>20<8, @0A?@545;5=85 4>E>40 8;8 1>30BAB20, :>B>@>5 2KB5:05B 87 MB>3> @02=>25A8O =5 <>65B 1KBL 87<5=5=> =8 ?>;8B8:>9, =8 =0;>30<8 =5 AB02O 2 EC4H55 ?>;>65=85 4@C385 3@C??K. -B> A2>9AB2> ":>=:C@8@CNI53> @02=>25A8O" 2A5< 8725AB=> ?>4 =0720=85< ">?B8<870F8O 0@5BB>". !>3;0A=> ?5@2><C ?@8=F8?C, 1;03>40@O @02=>25A8N A?@>A0 8 ?@54;>465=8O ?@8 A2>1>4=>< @K=:5, 2A5340 >BACBAB2C5B 157@01>B8F0, 8 =5B =04>1=>AB8 4;O ?@028B5;LAB20 2<5H820BLAO 2 M:>=><8:C, GB>1K C@02=>25A8BL A?@>A 8 ?@54;>65=85. !>3;0A=> 2B>@><C ?@8=F8?C, >?B8<870F88 0@5BB0, ;N10O ?>?KB:0 87<5=8BL @0AAB0=>2:C A8;, :>B>@0O A>740=0 A2>1>4=K< @K=:><, >1O70B5;L=> 2545B : M:>=><8G5A:><C CI5<;5=8N, ?> <5=LH59 <5@5, >4=>3> G5;>25:0 8;8 >4=>9 3@C??K. <P> >@>G5, M:>=><8G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0 3>AC40@AB20 4>;6=0 ?@0:B8G5A:8 A2>48BLAO : =C;N, 2 ?@>B82=>< A;CG05, >=0 =0=5A5B 2@54 >B45;L=K< 3@C??0< 8;8 ;N4O<. 1>65 C?0A8 ?@028B5;LAB20< 2<5H820BLAO 2 <>45;L @02=>25A8O. > 8=B5@5A=> >B<5B8BL, 70<5G05B @<5@>4, GB> 0:045<8G5A:85 M:>=><8ABK ?> 2A5<C A25BC, CG0I85 MB8< @57C;LB0B0< ?>GB8 GB> 5654=52=>, =5 284OB =8:0:>3> 2@540 2 M:>=><8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:5 3>AC40@AB20, :>340 >=> ?>4=8<05B =0;>38,GB>1K ?>B@0B8BL MB8 45=L38 =0 8E 70@01>B=CN ?;0BC 8 A>45@60=85 8E M:>=><8G5A:8E CG@5645=89. %>BO MB>B D0:B ?>;=>ABLN ?@>B82>@5G8B 8E B5>@8O< > :>=:C@8@CNI5< @02=>25A88. <CENTER><P><B><FONT SIZE=+1>4. @0:B8G5A:>5 ?@8<5=5=85 B5>@88 A2>1>4=>3> @K=:0 8 53> ?>A;54AB28O</FONT></B> </P></CENTER> <P> 0 ?>A;54=85 10-15 ;5B M:>=><8G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0 =0 0?045 70:;NG0;0AL 2 B><, GB>1K 2=54@8BL "@5H5=8O" A2>1>4=>3> @K=:0 4;O @07@5H5=8O 8E ?@>1;5<.  G5< 65 ACBL MB8E "@5H5=89"? K=>: B@C40 4>;65= 1KBL 381:8<. @><KH;5==>ABL 2 3>AC40@AB25==KE A5:B>@0E 4>;6=0 1KBL ?@820B878@>20=0. $8=0=A>2K9 @K=>: 4>;65= 1KBL >A2>1>645= >B >3@0=8G5=89 8 @53C;8@>20=8O :0: =0 2=CB@5==5< B0: 8 =0 <8@>2>< @K=:0E. 0?@8<5@, :>=B@>;8@>20BL 42865=85 :0?8B0;0 70 3@0=8FC 4>;6=> 1KBL >B<5=5=>. A=>2=K<8 ?@>2>4=8:0<8 A2>1>4=>3> @K=:0 2 1980 3>4C 1K;8 ?@028B5;LAB20, ?@54AB028B5;8 ?@02>3> :@K;0, 2 =3;88 8 2 !(. > MB0 M:>=><8G5A:0O <>40 >E20B8;0 8 F5=B@8AB>2 A ;52K< C:;>=><, :>B>@K5 ?>H;8 =0 ?>2>4C C F5=B@0;L=KE 45@602. 8BB5@0= - 2> $@0=F88, >=70;5A - 2 A?0=88, %02:0 8 8B83 -  2AB@0;88, 0=35 - 2 >2>9 5;0=488. A5 MB> A>F80;-45<>:@0B8G5A:85 ?@028B5;LAB20, :>B>@K5 040?B8@>20;8 ?>;8B8G5A:>5 =0?@02;5=85 0@30@5B "0BG5@ 8 >=0;L4 830=. @8B0=8O 1K;0 >4=0 87 ?5@2KE, :>B>@0O >B<5=8;0 :>=B@>;L @K=:0 B@C40 8 B5< A0<K< ?@81;878;0 53> : 8450;L=K< CA;>28O< A2>1>4=>3> @K=:0. K;8 ?@>2545=K @O4 70:>=>2, >3@0=8G820NI8E 45OB5;L=>ABL ?@>DA>N7>2, 8 =5A<>B@O =0 MB> 157@01>B8F0 2 =3;88 >AB020;0AL =0 C@>2=5 10%,B.5. 3 <;=, 3>@074> 2KH5 G5< 2 1950 -1960 3>40E 2 CA;>28OE @53C;8@C5<>3> @K=:0 B@C40, 345 157@01>B8F0 1K;0 2 A@54=5< 0.5 <;=.  !( >B<5=0 :>=B@>;O =04 D8=0=A>2K< @K=:>< ?@825;0 : :@0EC :><?0=88 Saving & Loan, :>B>@K9 >1>H5;AO =0;>3>?;0B5;LI8:0< 2 A>B=8 <;@4 4>;;0@>2. <P>  @O45 2@>?59A:8E AB@0=: B0;8O, $@0=F8O, A?0=8O, (25F8O - 1K; >B<5=5= :>=B@>;L =04 :0?8B0;>< 2 20;NB=KE >?5@0F8OE, 2 @57C;LB0B5 G53> ?@028B5;LAB2> ?>B5@O;> A8;L=>5 >@C685 ?> 70I8B5 A2>59 20;NBK 2 ?5@8>4K A;CG09=KE >3@><=KE 20;NB=KE A?5:C;OF89. B<5=0 :>=B@>;O 70 42865=85< :0?8B0;0 703@0=8FC CA8;8;0 <83@0F8N :0?8B0;0 2 AB@0=K A 45H52>9 @01>G59 A8;>9, GB> 5I5 1>;LH5 A>:@0B8;> A?@>A =0 @01>GCN A8;C 2 2@>?5 8 C25;8G8;> ?@>1;5<C 157@01>B8FK. >AA8O C65 >ICB8;0 =0 A515 @57C;LB0BK MB>9 B5>@88, :>340 65D@8 !0:A 87 02@40 ?>A>25B>20; @CAA:><C ?@028B5;LAB2C ?@8<5=8BL H>:>2CN B5@0?8N, :>B>@0O A B@5A:>< ?@>20;8;0AL 8 >AB028;0 4> A8E ?>@ 25AL @CAA:89 =0@>4 2 H>:>2>< A>AB>O=88. <P>  A2>5 2@5<O . 0@:A =0720; LNB>=0 8=4C:F8>==K< >A;>< 70 B>, GB> >= ?KB0;AO ?@8<5=8BL =0 >1I5AB25 <5B>4 <0B5<0B8G5A:>9 8=4C:F88. 5;8:89 <0B5<0B8: 591=8F A@02=820; ?A524>CG5=KE A> A;5?K<8, 0 CG5=KE - A> 7@OG8<8, 0 B0: :0: ?A524>CG5=K5 ;CGH5 ?@8A?>A01;820NBAO : 687=8 G5< : =0C:5, B> >=8 =0H;8 >@838=0;L=K9 <5B>4 1>@>BLAO A CG5=K<8, 702>4O ?>A;54=8E 2 B5<=>BC, 8 B0< C65 =0 @02=KE A =8<8 2>520BL. "0:>9 B5<=>B>9 2 M:>=><8:5 O2;O5BAO, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, AD5@0 >1@0I5=8O,0 A 4@C3>9 - <0B5<0B8:0. </p> <table width="133" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"><tr><td align="center"> <a href="http://www.website-hit-counters.com/" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.website-hit-counters.com/cgi-bin/image.pl?URL=37705-9397" alt="account login for free website hit counter code" border="0" ></a></td></tr> <tr><td align="center"><font style="font-family: Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; color: #330006; text-decoration: none;">Download a <a href="http://www.website-hit-counters.com/" target="_blank" style="font-family: Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; color: #555556; text-decoration: none;" title="free web counter">free web counter</a> here.</font></td></tr></table> <H3 ALIGN=CENTER><B><FONT COLOR="#FF0000"><A HREF="http://sites.google.com/site/socialcapital1/Home/russkiestati ">5@=CBLAO : ?@56=59 AB@0=8F5 .</A></FONT></B></H3> </BODY> </HTML>